\n<\/p>\n
Investigadores de la Universidad de Stanford han descubierto biomarcadores que pueden predecir la capacidad de una persona para perder peso y mantenerlo a largo plazo. Estos biomarcadores incluyen firmas del microbioma intestinal, prote\u00ednas producidas por el cuerpo humano y niveles de di\u00f3xido de carbono exhalado. El estudio encontr\u00f3 que las bacterias en el intestino y las cantidades de ciertas prote\u00ednas que produce el cuerpo pueden afectar la capacidad de un individuo para tolerar la p\u00e9rdida de peso. Adem\u00e1s, la investigaci\u00f3n ha encontrado que algunas personas pierden m\u00e1s peso con dietas bajas en grasas, mientras que otras obtienen mejores resultados con dietas bajas en carbohidratos.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Un nuevo an\u00e1lisis de datos de un estudio de p\u00e9rdida de peso de un a\u00f1o ha identificado comportamientos y biomarcadores que contribuyen a la p\u00e9rdida de peso a corto y largo plazo.<\/strong><\/p>\n Una dieta estricta, ya sea una dieta saludable baja en carbohidratos o baja en grasas, period lo que importaba para la p\u00e9rdida de peso a corto plazo durante los primeros seis meses. Pero las personas que mantuvieron su p\u00e9rdida de peso a largo plazo durante un a\u00f1o comieron la misma cantidad de calor\u00edas que las que recuperaron o no perdieron peso durante los segundos seis meses.<\/p>\n Entonces, \u00bfqu\u00e9 explica esta diferencia?<\/p>\n Seg\u00fan el estudio, las bacterias que viven en su intestino y las cantidades de ciertas prote\u00ednas que produce su cuerpo pueden afectar su capacidad para mantener la p\u00e9rdida de peso. Resulta que algunas personas perdieron m\u00e1s kilos con dietas bajas en grasas, mientras que a otras les fue mejor con dietas bajas en carbohidratos.<\/p>\n Los investigadores de Stanford Medication han identificado varios biomarcadores que predicen qu\u00e9 tan bien una persona podr\u00e1 perder peso y no recuperarlo a largo plazo. Estos biomarcadores incluyen firmas del microbioma intestinal, prote\u00ednas producidas por el cuerpo humano y niveles de di\u00f3xido de carbono exhalado. Los investigadores publicaron sus hallazgos el 13 de diciembre en la revista Nature. <\/em><\/p>\n \u201cWeight loss is enigmatic and complicated, but we can predict from the outset with microbiome and metabolic biomarkers who will lose the most weight and who will keep it off,\u201d said Michael Snyder, PhD, professor and chair of genetics and co-senior author on the paper.<\/p>\n The data came from 609 participants who logged everything they ate for a year while following either a low-fat or low-carb diet made up of mostly high-quality, minimally processed foods. The researchers tracked participant exercise, how well they followed their diet, and the number of calories consumed.<\/p>\n The study showed that just cutting calories or exercising were not enough to sustain weight loss over a year. To try and understand why, the team turned their focus to biomarkers of metabolism.<\/p>\n \u201cWe found specific microbiome ecologies and amounts of proteins and enzymes at the beginning of the study period \u2014 before people started following the diet \u2014 that indicated whether they would be successful at losing weight and keeping it off,\u201d said Dalia Perelman, research dietician and co-lead author on the paper.<\/p>\n Throughout the study, the researchers measured the ratio of inhaled oxygen to exhaled carbon dioxide, known as a respiratory quotient, which serves as a proxy for whether carbohydrates or fats are the body\u2019s primary fuel. A lower ratio means the body burns more fat, while a higher ratio means it burns more carbohydrates. So, those who started the diet with a higher respiratory quotient lost more weight on a low-carb diet.<\/p>\n \u201cThere are people who can be eating very few calories but still sustain their weight because of how their bodies metabolize fuels. It is not for lack of will: It is just how their bodies work,\u201d Perelman said.<\/p>\n In other words, if your body prefers carbs and you\u2019re predominately eating fat, it will be much harder to metabolize and burn off those calories.<\/p>\n \u201cIf you are following a diet that worked for someone you know and it is not working for you, it might be that that specific diet is not as suited for you,\u201d added Xiao Li, PhD, co-lead author of the paper, a former postdoctoral fellow at Stanford Medicine who is now at Case Western University.<\/p>\n The predictive information gleaned from the gut microbiome, proteomic analysis, and respiratory quotient signatures is laying the foundation for personalized diets. Snyder said he thinks tracking amounts of certain gut microbe strains will be a way for people to determine which diets are best for weight loss.<\/p>\n We\u2019re not there yet, so until then, according to the researchers, the focus should be on eating high-quality foods that are unprocessed and low in refined flours and sugar.<\/p>\n The research team identified specific nutrients that were correlated with weight loss during the first six months. Low-carb diets should be based on monounsaturated fats \u2014 such as those that come from avocados, rather than bacon \u2014 and high in vitamins K, C, and E. These vitamins are in vegetables, nuts, olives, and avocados. Low-fat diets should be high in fiber, such as is found in whole grains and beans, and avoid added sugars.<\/p>\n \u201cYour mindset should be on what you can include in your diet instead of what you should exclude,\u201d Perelman said. \u201cFigure out how to eat more fiber, whether it is from beans, whole grains, nuts, or vegetables, instead of thinking you shouldn\u2019t eat ice cream. Learn to cook and rely less on processed foods. If you pay attention to the quality of food in your diet, then you can forget about counting calories.\u201d<\/p>\n Reference: \u201cDistinct factors associated with short-term and long-term weight loss induced by low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet intervention\u201d by Xiao Li, Dalia Perelman, Ariel K. Leong, Gabriela Fragiadakis, Christopher D. Gardner and Michael P. Snyder, 13 December 2022, Cell Reports Medicine<\/em>. Christopher Gardner, professor of medicine and co-senior author on the paper, also contributed to this work.<\/p>\n<\/div>\nWillpower does not drive weight loss<\/h4>\n
For now, focus on nutrients<\/h4>\n
DOI: 10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100870<\/a><\/p>\n